Basic Hardware Components of Computer System

Hello Learners, Today we will learn what are hardware components in computers.

In this post, I will explain the different hardware devices in computers.

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If you read this article carefully you will understand all about components of hardware.

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Note – The only purpose of this article is to tell you about hardware components in very simple language. This article has been written by an expert person. If you think this article can be improved further then you must give us feedback.

What is Computer Hardware?

Computer hardware is a hardware part of a computer system. In simple words, only those parts of the computer system that we can see or touch are called computer hardware. There are various examples of hardware, such as - Mouse, Keyboard, Monitor, Motherboard, CPU, RAM & Hard Disk Drive.

Hardware is an important part of our computer system without it the computer is incomplete. You cannot use a computer without hardware and without hardware, the computer system cannot be built.

What are the Hardware Components of Computer?

There are various components of hardware devices in the computer which are given below.

Hardware Components of Computer

1. Mouse

A mouse is a hardware input device that is used to move the cursor or pointer on computer screens. It can also be used to run computer programs, select items & manipulate objects in the computer world.

Computer mouse are very easy to use and this mouse are essential components of using a computer. Computer mouse allow you to control the cursor quickly and accurately, which makes it much easier to navigate your computer & perform tasks.

2. Keyboard

Parts of computer - Keyboard

A keyboard is an input device that you use to enter data, such as - text, numbers, and other commands into a computer or electronic device. 

Keyboards are mostly used for personal computers, such as - Laptops, Tablets, Desktop computers, Mobile phones, and other devices.

The keyboard comes with various layouts and designs, but the most common one is the QWERTY Keyboard. This is different from some other types of keyboards, like Dvorak or Colemak keyboards.

3. Monitor

Monitor

Personal computers use a monitor to display data, run the software, and interact with the user. A monitor is an electronic visual display that connects to your CPU and it is used for displaying images, text, videos, games, web pages, and more.

Monitors are available in different sizes depending on the needs of the person using them. The most common types of monitors are CRT (cathode ray tube), LCD (liquid crystal display), and LED (light-emitting diode).

4. Motherboard

Motherboard

The motherboard is the backbone of our computer system and it is also the main circuit board that connects all the computer components in a single board, such as - RAM, ROM, processor, Hard disk, Monitor, Sound card, and graphics card.

There are various connectors and components of motherboard whose names are - CPU Sockets, RAM Slots, Expansion Slots, Storage Connectors, Power Connectors, BIOS/UEFI Chip, Chipset & CMOS Battery.

5. CPU

A CPU stands for Central Processing Unit and it is also the brain of a computer. CPU is a small size powerful chip that processes all the calculations and tasks needed to computer operate.

The CPU is able to read and execute instructions given by the user, such as - Running apps or games, adding numbers, and many other types of instructions.

There are various components of CPU whose names are - Control Unit (CU), Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Registers, Cache, Bus Interface Unit (BIU) & Control Registers.

6. RAM Memory

RAM Memory

RAM is a type of computer memory that stores information so the CPU can access it directly. RAM memory is temporary memory because RAM is a volatile memory in a computer.

Computer systems use main memory to store both data and programs. The more RAM you have the more data your system can process at one time that your computer does more efficient computer operations.

7. ROM Memory

ROM stands for Read Only Memory and this memory is also a type of computer memory. ROM is able to store data permanently because this memory is the permanent memory of computer.

Once you store data in ROM memory, you cannot delete this data easily because this is the non-volatile memory of the computer. There are various types of ROM memory, such as - MROM, PROM, EPROM & EEPROM.

8. Hard Disk Drive

Storage unit

A hard disk drive is a piece of hardware inside a computer that stores information. It is used to store various types of data, such as - Documents, Pictures, Videos & Computer applications, which can be accessed when needed. 

A hard disk drive is a data storage device in computers and the main function of this storage device is to store data for long-term usage.

9. Optical Drive

Disk_Drive

Optical Drives are used in PCs to read and write CDs and DVDs. The optical drive reads the data from the disc, which can be transformed into a digital file that is readable by the computer.

Optical drives are used to backup files, read and write data, and data transfer from one disc to another. The term "CD" refers to Compact Discs, which are the most common type of optical drive for modern computers.

10. Solid State Drive

A Solid State Drive is also a storage device of a computer and this storage device is faster, more reliable, and quieter compared to the hard disk drive. 

Solid state drive is used to store various data, such as - Documents, Videos, Audio, Pictures, and software. This storage device makes your computer function faster and more efficiently.

11. Power Supply

Power Supply Unit

A power supply unit is an electrical component of our computer that provides the necessary power to operate a computer. Computers are powered by electricity, and the power supply converts the alternating current (AC) from the electric outlet into direct current (DC).

12. Cooling Fan

The cooling fan is a very important component for your computers. If your CPU fan is not working correctly, your components of computer hardware will be heating may cause damage computer system.

The main function of a CPU fan is to cool the internal hardware components in computer. It expels hot air and also helps to remove dust from inside the computer.

13. Sound Card

A sound card is also known as an audio card or soundboard and it is also a hardware component in a computer that manages and processes audio data.

The main function of a sound card is to produce sound and play it through speakers and headphones. The other function of sound cards is to convert digital audio into analog signals that can be played by speakers or headphones.

14. Network Interface Card

A Network Interface Card is also known as a network adapter or network interface controller. A Network Interface Card is a hardware network component that is capable of connecting a computer or other device to the network and communicating with other devices on that network.

15. Printer

A printer is a hardware and output device whose main function is to print digital documents or images on paper or other printable materials. Printers are used to print various things, such as - Document Printing, Photo Printing, Graphics Printing, and 3D Printing.

Hi, I'm The Avinash Pandey, founder of Quick Learn Computer. I graduated in Bachelor of Computer Applications and has two years of teaching experience in the computer science field. This blog helps you learn the fastest and easiest way to increase your computer skills.

17 thoughts on “Basic Hardware Components of Computer System”

  1. Such a great article. Reading the article from beginning to end was so enlightening. I’m so glad this came up. Knowledge is power.

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